Policy Instruments and Infant Feeding for Mothers on Social Assistance: A Comparative Study of Canadian Provinces
Mots-clés :
aide sociale, populations cibles, politique d’alimentation du nourrisson, provinces, instruments de politiqueRésumé
En utilisant un cadre modifié des social construction of target population — SCTP — (constructions sociales des groupes cibles) et la typologie des instruments de politique de Vedung, cet article présente une analyse comparative des instruments de politique ciblant les mères bénéficiant d’aide sociale pour imposer des normes d’allaitement « efficaces » dans les provinces canadiennes. Ce cadre permet une distinction entre les mécanismes d’interventions traditionnels des bureaux d’aide sociale et l’ajout d’une supervision supplémentaire par les professionnels de la santé. Les résultats révèlent de différentes combinaisons de mesures, malgré un but commun, pour encourager l’allaitement et dissuader l’utilisation de préparations pour nourrissons. La plupart des provinces utilisent des instruments de politique contraignants pour les mères qui choisissent des préparations pour nourrissons, comme l’exigence d’un certificat médical. Pour les mères qui allaitent, la plupart des provinces déploient généralement des instruments de politique bénéfiques tels que l’augmentation de leur allocation mensuelle avec peu de contrôle [du gouvernement]. Cependant, certaines provinces utilisent des outils très différents qui illustrent la diversité dans le contexte des soins de santé et de l’aide sociale. Le Québec, par exemple, est la seule province à fournir un soutien supplémentaire aux femmes qui choisissent d’utiliser la préparation pour nourrissons sans autorisation médicale. À l’Île-du-Prince-Édouard, les travailleurs sociaux peuvent exiger une note médicale pour l’allaitement maternel, tandis qu’au Manitoba, il n’y a pas de soutien supplémentaire pour les besoins nutritionnels des mères qui allaitent.
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