La gouvernance collaborative comme un prisme conceptuel pour comprendre le programme Ville-amie des aînés au Québec : Étude de quatre cas contrastés
Mots-clés :
Ville-amie des aînés, Gouvernance collaborative, Étude de cas, VieillissementRésumé
La population canadienne est vieillissante et les politiciens, tant sur les scènes fédérale et provinciale que dans les municipalités, cherchent à relever les enjeux qui y sont associés. Depuis 2007, il est apparu dans le paysage des politiques sociales une nouvelle initiative promue par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé : la Ville-amie des aînés. Au Canada, il est possible de retrouver des programmes Ville-amie des aînés dans toutes les provinces. Le Québec compte plus de 900 initiatives ; cela signifie que 90 % des habitants du Québec vivent dans une municipalité qui a entrepris un processus pour devenir « amis des aînés ». Nous examinerons ce programme au Québec à partir des résultats provenant d’une étude qui a été financée par les Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada. À partir d’un devis mixte autour de quatre études de cas contrastés de la région de la Montérégie au Québec, notre article propose d’illustrer le processus de collaboration au sein des Villes-amies des aînés en prenant assise sur le modèle conceptuel d’Ansell et Gash (2008) concernant la gouvernance collaborative. Les résultats de l’étude montrent les différentes catégories conceptuelles du modèle qui s’appliquent aux Villes-amies des aînés : les conditions initiales, le leadership, les règles et les protocoles institués, de même que le processus circulaire de la gouvernance collaborative. Bien que la gouvernance collaborative au sein des Villes-amies des aînés présente plusieurs enjeux, elle devient aussi, à travers le comité de pilotage de ce programme, une opportunité pour les acteurs locaux et régionaux d’agir sur le vieillissement de la population.
Abstract
Canada’s population is aging and politicians at the federal, provincial and municipal levels are trying to address the associated issues. Since 2007, a new initiative promoted by the World Health Organization has entered the social policy landscape: the Age-friendly City. In Canada, Age-friendly City programs can be found in all the provinces. Quebec has more than 900 initiatives, and 90% of Quebec residents live in a municipality that has begun the process of becoming “age-friendly”. This paper will examine this program in Quebec using the results of a study funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Based on a mixed method of four contrasting case studies in Quebec’s Montérégie region, our paper intends to illustrate the main stages (the consultation, action plan and implementation) of the Age-friendly city program in Quebec using Ansell and Gash’s (2008) conceptual model of collaborative governance. The results show how the different conceptual categories apply to Age-friendly Cities: starting conditions, facilitative leadership, institutional design, and cyclical collaborative process. Although several challenges can be associated with collaborative governance in Age-friendly cities, it can also become, through the steering committee for this program, an opportunity for the local and regional actors to address the aging of the population.
Keywords: Age-friendly Cities; collaborative governance; case study; aging
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