Regard critique sur les politiques de maintien à domicile des personnes âgées en France et au Québec
Abstract
Cet article vient porter un regard critique sur les fondements et les impacts des politiques de maintien h domicile des personnes hgies qui, en France et au Que'bec, se sont de'veloppe'es telle une e'vidence. Se basant sur leurs travaux de recherche et sur leurs expiriences d'intervention, les auteurs interrogent la pertinence d'un objectif de politique publique difini par l'espace (le domicile) et le temps (le plus longtemps possible), de fa~on statique (maintien), pour une population vieillissante caracte'risie par d'importants changements sociaux et midicaux. Ils de'montrent aussi comment cette injonction au choix du domicile a poduit une juxtaposition de services et d'e'tablissements spe'cialise's dans la prise en charge de niveaux ponctuels et spe'cifiques de dipendance, qui tendent h normaliser les parcours de vieillesse et h contraindre les personnes hgies h s'adapter aux conditions d'accts et de transferts a du domicile aux placements B . Mots clk : politiques sociales, personnes iige'es, maintien h domicile, France-Que'bec This article is a critical examination of the fundamentals and the impacts of the home care policies for seniors that were developed by govemnents in France and in Que'bec. Based on their research and their experience in the field, the authors question the relevance of public policies, the objectives of which are defined by the concepts of space (the home) and time (as long as possible) in a static way (status quo) for aging individuals who are undergoing continuous social and medical changes. They also demonstrate how the priority given to home care has produced a collection of services and facilities specialized according totiming and level of dependency. These services tend to standardize the itinerary of the senior population and force seniors to adapt to the terms of access to institutions, and transition from home to institution. Keywords : social policies, seniors, home care, France-Quebec.
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