Lutte contre la pauvreté et sécurité alimentaire au Québec: comparaison de la logique d'intervention gouvernementale et du discours des acteurs du terrain
Abstract
Duns le cadre d'une e'tude de cas sur la pertinence des interventions en se'curite' alimentaire, des acteurs oeuvrant auprks de la population de Que'bec touche'e par l'inse'curite' alimentaire ont expime' en entrevue des solutions pour ame'liorer la situation. L'objet de cet article est d'examiner si celles-ci cmespondent h la logique d'intervention sous-jacente h la strate'gie que'be'coise de lutte contre la pauvrete'. Alors que les parties penantes interviewe'es pre'conisent une approche globale pour s'attaquer aux de'terminants socio-e'conomiques de l'inse'curite' alimentaire notamment par des mesures sociaks pour re'soudre l'insuffisance de revenu, les dicideurs gouuernementaux s'en remettent essentielbment h l'insertion .en emploi, h l'aide alimentaire ponctuelle et aux projets communautaires ayant pour objectif de responsabiliser les individus et favoriser leur propre prise en charge. Au nom de l'incitation au travail, le gouvernement rnaintient les prestations d'aide sociale h un niveau trks faible, risqwznt de limiter l'accks aux aliments de nombreux me'nages. Les auteurs suggkrent de remettre en perspective la tension entre l'objectif d'assurer h chaque citoyen un revenu ¢ pour satisfaire les besoins essentiels et l'objectif de valoriser le travail. . Pour faire progresser le &bat, ils appellent. les acteurs du terrain et les chercheurs h examiner dans quelle mesure l'inse'curite' alimentaire peut constituer un obstacle h lJintigration en emploi des personnes exclues du march4 du travail. Les auteurs insistent enfin sur l'importance de &welopper des re'ponses spe'cijiques h l'inse'curite' alimentaire qui &passent le cadre de la lutte contre la pauvrete'. In a case study of the relevance of interventions to increase food security, Quebec City stakeholders were interviewed about perceived solutions to improve household food security. The paper examines whether their solutions correspond to the Quebec government's strategy to fight poverty and social exclusion. The stakeholders suggest an overall approach to address the so~io-economic determinants of food insecurity, especially social measures to eliminate income insuficiency. However, government decision-makers focus on employment policies, emergency food programs, and community programs promoting individual responsibility and self-help. To encourage employment integration, the govemment maintains social assistance benefits at a low level; this compromises the ability to afford adequate food in many households. The authors suggest a more detailed exumination of the conflict between the objective of adequute income to fulfill essential needs, and the objective to promote re-entry to the labour market. The authors recommend that field workers and researchers e m i n e the extent towhich food insecurity constitutes an obstacle to job integration for persons excluded from the labour market. Finally, the authors emphasize the importance of responses specific to food insecurity, beyond the framework of fighting poverty.
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